Home
Home
Home
Blog
Projects
Services
Contact
Bangla Lecture
Course
×
Nephrology exam for FCPS part 1 with Dr Sohrab
Home
»
Nephrology exam for FCPS part 1 with Dr Sohrab
1
Personal infomations
2
True and false
3
multiple choice
Name
*
Phone number
*
Email
Following factors increase GFR a) SNS activation b) Constriction of afferent arteriole c) Dilatation of afferent arteriole d) Low albumin in plasma e) Capillary permeability
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Regarding renal blood flow a) ANG-II constricts both afferent and efferent arterioles b) Nor-adrenalin constricts the afferent atrioles c) Prostaglandin constricts the renal tubule d) Adrenaline causes increase rate of blood flow e) Deopamine causes decrease renal blood flow
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Minimal change disease a) Most commonly disease occur in children b) In investigation mesangial matrix are found c) Segmental scar is present d) History of respiratory tract infection may present e) Thickening of basement membrane occurs
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Which are the criteria of pre-renal acute kidney injury a) GFR <20% b) Urea and creative in ratio increased c) Urine Na (20 mmol/L) d) Fraction excreation of Na' is < 1% e) JVP not visible
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Causes of sterile pyuria a) Renal stone disease b) Partially treated UTI c) Recurrent UTI d) Renal TB e) Membranous GN
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
In case of IgA nephropathy [FCPS-Medicine-July-2019] a) Thematuria is d earliest sign b) Proteinuria is early feature c) Progress to end stage renal disease d) Asymptomatic presentations dominate in older adults e) Responds to immune suppressive therapy is poor
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Regarding proteinuria a) Bence-jones protein cannot be detected by stick test b) Presence of albumin in urine is predominant in diabetes mellitus c) Use of the protein-creatinine ratio is in single sample d) Increase proteinuria during right time e) >3 gm/ day proteinuria indicates glomerular disease
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Mesangial cells a) Located between basal lamina b) Similar to pericyte c) Contractile d) Secretes immune complexes e) Has role in maintaining GFR
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
The macula dense a) Monitors serum electrolyte levels b) Assess the amount of sodium delivery c) Analyses the amount of potassium deli- d)Responds to sympathetic stimulation e) Influences the rate of renin release
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Drugs causing glomerulonephritis a) Gentamycin b) NSAIDS c) Ciprofloxacin d) Lithium e) Penicillamine
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Causes of Rapidly progressive GN a) Post infections GN b) Systemic vasculitis c) IgA nephropathy d) Membranous nephropathy e) Good pasture's syndrome
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Causes of polyuria a) Hypercalcemia b) Hypocalcemia c) Hyperkalemia Hyperglycemia e) Diabetes insipidus
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Causes of pre-renal acute kidney injury a) Septicemia b) Cardiac failure c) Cervical carcinoma d) Drug e) Vascular occlusion
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Glomerulonephritis associated with low plasma complement a) Iga Nephropathy b) Membranous nephropathy c) Post gonococcal nephritis d) Cryoglobulinemia e) SLE
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Drugs may cause ATN [FCPS-Medicine-July-2004] a) Rifampicin b) Sulfonamide c) Aminoglycoside d) Cefalexin e) Imipenem
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Typical features of CRF a) Polycythemia b) Hypophosphatasemia c) Hypercalcemia d) Metabolic acidosis e) Impaired concentrating ability of kidney
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
APCKD present with a) Vague discomfort b) HTN c) Renal failure d) UTI e) Hematuria
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
The following glomerular diseases are associated with low serum complement level a) Post-streptococcal GN b) Lupus nephritis c) Membranous GN d) IgA nephropathy e) Good pasture's syndrome
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Percutaneous renal biopsy is indicated in a) ARF of unexplained cause b) Chronic GN c) Uncontrolled HTN d) Unexplained proteinuria c) CRF with small size kidney
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Microscopic hematuria be found in a) Membranous glomerulonephritis b) Infective endocarditis c) Papillary necrosis d) SLE e) Renal amyloidosis
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Membranous nephropathy a) Common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults b) Increase C3 level c) Deposition of IgG (subepithelially) d) Associated with HBV, malignancy e) Frank hematuria common
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Glomerular diseases are manifested by a) Hyaline casts b) Deformed red cells c) Moderate proteinuria d) Hypertension e) Red cell casts
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
A patient with hypertension & bilateral abdominal mass a) May be due to adult polycystic kidney disease b) Cyst usually present c) More than 2-3 cyst d) Renal failure present e) Cyst usually present in liver, brain & spleen
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Substances mostly reabsorbed by PCT are a) Glucose b) HCO3- c) Amino acids d) NH4 e) K+
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
Regarding post infectious glomerulonephritis a) More common with pharyngeal infection than skin infection b) Children are usually victims c) It is curable d) Associated with hypertension e) Not associated with hematuria
Option a is true
Option a is false
Option b is true
Option b is false
Option c is true
Option c is false
Option d is true
Option d is false
Option e is true
Option e is false
A 25-year-old man presents with haematuria, haemoptysis, oedema and proteinuria. He has a past history of chronic obstructive airways disease and hypertension. Dipstick of his urine shows +3 blood and +3 protein; his blood results show a normal albumin. Which one of the following investigations would be the most appropriate for arriving at a diagnosis?
Anti-nuclear antibody estimation
Antistreptolysin O titre (ASO)
Chest X-ray
Renal biopsy
Renal ultrasound
A 72-year-old woman presents acutely unwell to the Emergency Department. She has had gastroenteritis for a few days and has now developed a nosebleed. Past medical history of note includes furosemide and ramipril prescriptions for systolic heart failure. A full blood count and film reveals evidence of red cell haemolysis and thrombocytopenia, and serum creatinine is 290 μmol/l. Which one of the following diagnoses fits best with this clinical picture?
Acute dehydration
Furosemide toxicity
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Renal artery stenosis
Haemolytic–uraemic syndrome (HUS)
A 46-year-old woman complains of dysuria and flank pain. She also describes night sweats and gradual weight loss over the past few months. Her blood pressure is 200/100 mmHg despite taking three antihypertensives. Urine microscopy shows leukocytes and red cells, but there is no significant bacterial growth. Renal ultrasound shows both kidneys to be 9 cm in bipolar length, with medullary calcification and mild hydronephrosis on the left. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of this presentation?
Acute pyelonephritis
Reflux nephropathy
Renal tract tuberculosis
Aristolochic acid nephropathy
Medullary cystic disease
A 40-year-old man with a background of hypertension presents with visible haematuria. On physical examination both his kidneys are enlarged and there is also 1 cm hepatomegaly. He remembers his father had kidney disease but does not know what the cause was; his father died of a brain haemorrhage 5 years ago. Which one of the following is the most probable diagnosis?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Renal amyloidosis
Renal calculi
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal tuberculosis
A 35-year-old man presents with cough, haemoptysis and glomerulonephritis. He is a long-term smoker. His c-ANCA levels are elevated. Which one of the following is the most likely cause for these features?
Goodpasture’s disease
Kawasaki disease
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Microscopic polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
A 32-year-old woman complaining of painful hands is found to have hypertension, proteinuria and dipstick haematuria. Plasma creatinine is 147 μmol/l. Renal biopsy shows proliferative glomerulonephritis with occasional cellular crescents, and immunofluorescence shows diffuse granular staining for IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4. Which one of the following is the diagnosis?
Post-streptococcal kidney disease
Systemic vasculitis
Lupus nephritis
Membranous nephropathy
Goodpasture’s disease
A 32-year-old man presents with two episodes of gross haematuria. Past history of note includes coeliac disease. On both occasions the haematuria appears to have been closely associated with an upper respiratory tract infection. Blood pressure is 125/80 mmHg. Light microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen reveals diffuse mesangial proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion. IgA deposits are seen on immunofluorescence. Which one of the following diagnoses fits best with this clinical picture?
Alport’s syndrome
Goodpasture’s disease
IgA nephropathy
Lupus nephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
A 28-year-old woman presents with painless neck lymphadenopathy. She has had fevers and night sweats intermittently over the past few weeks, weight loss and generalised malaise. She has abandoned her Friday nights out after work due to abdominal pain after drinking alcohol. On examination, there is neck lymphadenopathy, abdominal distension and peripheral oedema. Blood results reveal a decreased serum albumin concentration, and a 24 h urine collection for protein excretion of 4.5 g over a 24 h period (<0.2 g/24 h). Initial renal biopsy shows no significant abnormality. Which one of the following is the most likely cause underlying her renal pathology?
Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal-change disease
Polyarteritis nodosa
Sarcoidosis
A 28-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department with flank pain and a 48- hour history of dysuria. Her past medical history includes polycystic ovarian syndrome. She is not in a steady relationship at present. There is haematuria, leukocytes, nitrites and proteinuria on urine dipstick testing. Examination reveals a pyrexia of 38.1°C and flank pain. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ovarian cyst pain
50-year-old man has been diagnosed with renal carcinoma; his brother was diagnosed with the same condition 3 years ago. Which one of the following is the most likely inherited condition?
Alport syndrome
von Hippel–Lindau disease
Gaucher’s disease
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Tay–Sachs disease
A 62-year-old South Asian man on peritoneal dialysis presents with a 6-hour history of vomiting, abdominal pain and pyrexia. He reports there was cloudy peritoneal dialysis fluid on his last exchange. Which organism is the most likely cause of this clinical picture?
Candida albicans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
A 49-year-old woman presents to her GP with symptoms of urinary tract infection. There is a history of multiple attendances for various aches and pains, and a previous neurology referral for headache. She admits to using large amounts of over the counter analgesics including paracetamol, ibuprofen and naproxen. BP is 165/95 mmHg. Urinalysis reveals haematuria and her GP commences her on a 2-week course of ciprofloxacin. She returns, still complaining of symptoms, at which point the presence of a normochromic normocytic anaemia is noted, along with a serum creatinine of 220 μmol/l. Which one of the following diagnoses fits best with this clinical picture?
Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to urosepsis
Reflux nephropathy
Interstitial nephritis
Medullary sponge kidney
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF)
A 37-year-old woman with a body mass index (BMI) of 37 kg/m2 has been reviewed in the hypertension clinic. Abdominal ultrasound scanning reveals that her left kidney is much smaller than her right kidney. You suspect renal artery stenosis, as her GP noticed a deteriorating serum creatinine concentration within one month of starting ACE-inhibitor therapy. Most recent eGFR was 45 ml/min/1.72 m2. Which one of the following is the most appropriate investigation?
Spiral CT scanning
Doppler ultrasound scanning
Magnetic resonance angiography
Radionuclide studies
Renal arteriography
A 57-year-old diabetic woman with a history of dysuria and suprapubic pain is admitted to the Emergency Department. The pain has now extended to involve the left loin region and there is associated haematuria and oliguria. Apart from diabetes she has no other past medical history of note. Blood tests show a raised glucose level and normal white blood cell count. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?
Acute tubular necrosis
Renal papillary necrosis
Diffuse glomerulosclerosis
Renal calculus
Renal infarction
A 72-year-old female has been followed up in the renal clinic for several years with chronic kidney disease presumed due to diabetic nephropathy. She is now approaching CKD 5 and she has opted for haemodialysis as her mode of renal replacement therapy when she comes to needing it. What is the best form of access for her to have haemodialysis?
Peritoneal dialysis catheter
Arteriovenous fistula
Arteriovenous graft
Tunnelled, cuffed, dual lumen haemodialysis catheter
Temporary haemodialysis catheter
You are asked to review a 36-year-old woman who has presented to the Emergency Department with renal colic. A kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) X-ray has revealed the presence of multiple renal stones. Her past history of note includes extensive surgical resection for Crohn’s disease. Which one of the following is the most likely chemical composition of her renal stones?
Calcium oxalate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Calcium phosphate
Cysteine
Uric acid
A 60-year-old man presents with left heart failure and pedal oedema. The oedema occurs due to which one of the following:
Decreased filtration fraction
Increased release of renin
Hypoalbuminaemia
Increased proximal tubular sodium reabsorption
Left heart failure
A 33-year-old man presents with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy shows granulomas. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Hepatitis C infection
HIV
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
A 27-year-old man presents with decreased urine stream. He has a history of repeated urinary catheterisation. Dipstick urine shows blood +3. Which one of the following radiological investigations would be most helpful in this case?
Excretion urography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Retrograde urethrography
Micturating cystourethrography
Ultrasonography
A 56-year-old woman presents with aching joints, non-specific malaise and weight loss of 3 months’ duration. Her blood pressure is 180/100 mmHg, she has mild peripheral oedema, and dipstick urinalysis shows evidence of blood and protein. Her serum creatinine is 367 μmol/l, whereas 6 months earlier it had been a normal 86 μmol/l, and 3 months earlier it was 148 μmol/l. Her family doctor had 1 week previously prescribed diclofenac sodium for her joint pain. Complement tests reveal C3 of 1.2 (0.7–1.3) and C4 of 0.19 (0.12–0.27). Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the kidney disease?
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Lupus nephritis
Obstructive uropathy
Membranous glomerulonephritis (GN)
Microscopic polyangiitis
A 50-year-old man with sickle cell disease feels generally unwell and lethargic, with no specific symptoms. Which of the following complications is he most likely to have a high risk of developing in the long term?
Chronic kidney disease
Hepatic fibrosis
Lung cancer
Renal carcinoma
Urinary tract infection
A 62-year-old Kashmiri immigrant presents for review with his interpreter. He is complaining of frequency and dysuria. Haematuria and pyuria are present on urine testing, but a 3-day urine culture reveals no growth. Excretion urography suggests the possibility of cavitating lesions within the left renal papillary area with calcification, and less marked changes affecting the right kidney. Which one of the following diagnoses fits best with this clinical picture?
Staphylococcal renal sepsis with abscess formation
Tuberculosis of the renal tract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Sarcoidosis
Malacoplakia
A 75-year-old man visits his GP for a new-patient screen. He has Type 2 diabetes and mild long-standing back pain but no prior history of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Screening tests reveal dipstick proteinuria, an elevated serum creatinine of 215 μmol/l and anaemia with Hb of 101 g/l. A plain radiograph of his thoracolumbar spine shows collapse of the lumbar spine and there is a monoclonal band on serum protein electrophoresis. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of his deteriorated renal function?
Amyloidosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Metformin nephrotoxicity
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Urinary tract infection
A 63-year-old patient with CKD G5 receives a home visit for her weekly erythropoietin subcutaneous injection for anaemia management. Where in the body is EPO normally produced?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Bone marrow
Glomerular capillary walls
Renal artery endothelial cell
Interstitial fibroblasts
A 45-year-old man presents with mild jaundice, ankle swelling, nausea and anorexia. Serology reveals the presence of hepatitis B sAg and eAg. Blood pressure is 150/100 mmHg, urinalysis discloses +3 protein without haematuria, and he has gross bilateral pitting lower limb, sacral and abdominal wall oedema. His plasma creatinine concentration is 110 μmol/l, albumin is 11 g/dl and his urine protein:creatinine ratio is 754 g/mol. Which one of the following is the cause of the proteinuria?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous nephropathy
IgA nephropathy
Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN)
Minimal change disease
